AnceStory Archives: Where the Gold Is: Original Bonesman's Family Helped Found Yale--Skull & Bones

Sunday, July 14, 2013

Where the Gold Is: Original Bonesman's Family Helped Found Yale--Skull & Bones

Inside Skull and Bones Rare photos of the interior of Yale’s most storied “tomb.” New York Times

From Where the Gold Is: Original Bonesman's Family Helped Found Yale
The story of Yale, as told by Edwin Oviatt, in The beginnings of Yale (1701-1726), published in 1916, began in England where John Davenport, John Cotton, Thomas Mather and Theophilus Eaton lived in fear of their lives if they continued to practice the religious faith they shared. The four men would meet up once again in "the new world" in 1637 at Massachusetts Bay Colony, to which Davenport had fled into the arms of his old friends. There Harvard College would be founded, which remained the only upper level educational institution until the establishment of Yale in 1701.
It is the purpose of this post to determine who were the men most responsible in those early days for creating the university now known as Yale. Eventually, we will also connect those original founders to the secret society known as Skull and Bones.
Rev. John Davenport soon became dissatisfied in the Puritan colony in Massachusetts and desired to dominate his own group, which he set up the following year at New Haven on land acquired from some friendly Indians.

Rev. Davenport

It was not long, however, until Davenport's will to control others with his own philosophy of how the colony should be run caused several of those he had brought with him, including Thomas Hooker, to move out and establish a group at Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield in 1639. Davenport's desire to adopt the church-state ideal of society nevertheless had the support of Theophilus Eaton, who was made governor of the colony at New Haven. Rev. Samuel Eaton, brother of Theophilus, disagreed and moved with those like Hooker who favored a less restrictive society and allowed non-church members to vote.

The Eaton/Yale Family: Rev. Theophilus Eaton, before leaving England, had married the widow of David Yale and brought the children of that marriage--David, Thomas, and Anne Yale--with him to New Haven. For a time in New Haven Davenport had recruited the services of an eminent scholar and teacher, Ezekiel Cheever, whose behavior was called out for impiety, and he departed the theocratic colony in 1647, ending up at Harvard, where he taught Cotton Mather. It would take John Davenport two long decades of independence from all outside help to realize that his vision would not be realized in his lifetime without some measure of outside assistance.

Hopkins

Davenport, desperate at that point, wrote a letter to an old friend who had departed the New Haven colony much earlier--Edward Hopkins--who had married a stepdaughter of Theophilus Eaton, his wife's daughter from her marriage to the late David Yale. Mrs. Eaton, like Cheever, had been reprimanded by Davenport, resulting in her departure with her family to the less severe Colony of Connecticut. They had first joined Hooker's group at Hartford, and then, once Oliver Cromwell stabilized the religious situation in England, Hopkins had gone back to England with his family in 1653. Davenport begged for financial help from his former colonist and was promised help in return.
A year after the promise was made, Hopkins died unexpectedly, and when his will was read, Davenport discovered Hopkins had divided his educational bequest, for a grammar school and college, between the New Haven sect and that of Hooker's more liberal group. Davenport turned the trust documents over to his colony in 1660, which established Hopkins Grammar School, although the funds for its maintenance would be tied up for several more years.
Hopkins' death had unfortunately occurred during the same year Cromwell was deposed and King Charles returned to the throne in England. Davenport's behavior was contrary to the King's interest, while Governor Winthrop of Connecticut, representing the other three confederated towns within the colony, had sought protection of their charters from the new king. The new charter signed by the king included the New Haven territory, without recognizing it claim as an independently governed member of the confederation of Connecticut.

Hooker

By 1663, Davenport had not changed his vision, but most of those within his New Haven colony were unhappy with the theocracy and desired more freedom. Davenport refused to give up control until 1665, when New Haven became part of the Connecticut Colony. By this time Thomas Hooker, who favored universal suffrage, had died. Governor John Winthrop, less democratically inclined than Hooker had been, still favored restricting voting to church members. Over the next two decades, that view declined until in 1692 the qualification for the vote became property ownership rather than church membership, thus switching from a religious to a financial oligarchy.The Russell Family Connection: Noadiah Russell (born in 1659) was one of perhaps thirty New Haven lads who went on to attend Harvard College after matriculation from the Hopkins Grammar School during these years. He was a graduate of the 1681 class at Harvard along with Samuel Russel--a minister called to teach at the Hopkins school but who left for Branford before 1684, the year James Pierpont, another man from Harvard's 1681 class, arrived in New Haven. Ten years later he married John Davenport's granddaughter Abigail, who died within three months of their marriage, but his second marriage to Sarah Haynes would not occur until 1694 and last only two years, producing one daughter, Abigail, who married Rev. Joseph Noyes of New Haven.

Pierpont married for the last time in 1698, the granddaughter of Thomas Hooker, one of the original American settlers at at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620, who had removed from there to establish Connecticut's first democratic colony in Hartford. It was 1701 before the descendants of those who had received the divided trust from Edward Hopkins were amenable to get together once again in Old Saybrook to discuss founding a "collegiate school" they had desired for so long. The details are set out as they then occurred, or were conjectured to have occurred, by Oviatt in his book mentioned above, which took him almost 200 pages to reach his starting point of 1701.

Rev. James Pierpont

The First Collegiate School: The original location of the school would be Killingworth, a site just east of the center of a triangle drawn with Middletown at its apex, Saybrook on the east and New haven its western point. It would remain there until the death of Abraham Pierson, the first rector, in 1707. It then moved to Milford when Rev. Samuel Andrew (former Harvard Tutor of the men from the class of 1681) accepted the post of rector on a temporary basis.In 1713 Sir Joseph Noyes (married to Pierpont's daughter Abigail from his second marriage) and Rev. William Russell "became the mainstay of the struggling school," until the post of Rector was awarded to William upon his marriage to Pierpont's daughter Mary in 1719, when he moved back to New Haven from Middletown. A graduate of the 1714 class tutored by Russell was Benjamin Lord, whose descendants would later be extremely important at Yale.
But by the time of Pierpont's death in 1714, the financial plight of the young college was suffering to such an extent he had written off to England in 1711 for help from a Colonial agent named Jeremiah Dummer. It was Dummer from whom Elihu Hale--whose ancestry connects him to Connecticut through Eaton, as described above--learned of the need for a life rope. Elihu was the son of David Yale, whose stepfather Theophilus Eaton, had been a close friend of John Davenport. After leaving the New Haven colony, David Yale had married and lived for a time in Boston, where Elihu was born, then returned to England and became a merchant in Wrexham in northeast England. Elihu eventually joined the East India Company in 1671, remaining in Madras for 27 years. While there he married Catherine Hynmer, a wealthy widow with four children, who gave him three daughters and a son, David Yale, who died and was buried in Madras in 1688.